A 2014 study by researchers from the University of Cambridge in the UK, the first of its kind, found that adults diagnosed with Asperger’s are more likely to have suicidal thoughts than the general population.
This article discusses suicide. If you or someone you know needs support, in Australia you can call Lifeline on 13 11 14 or Beyond Blue on 1300 22 4636 at any time, or 000 in an emergency.
The research team was led by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen and Dr Sarah Cassidy, and the study was published in The Lancet Psychiatry.
Asperger’s syndrome was a diagnosis on the autism spectrum (ASD), describing people with differences in communication and social interaction and with repetitive behaviors. Compared with some other autistic people, people diagnosed with Asperger’s usually had no early language delay or intellectual disability. Since the DSM-5 was published in 2013, Asperger’s is no longer a separate diagnosis and is included within autism spectrum disorder.
The researchers noted that adults with Asperger’s are more likely to experience depression. However, very little research had looked at suicide risk in this group.
With this in mind, Dr Cassidy and Professor Baron-Cohen studied 374 adults who had been diagnosed with Asperger’s between 2004 and 2013.
The participants completed questionnaires about their experiences, including suicidal thoughts, depression and any suicide attempts.
The results were compared with the general population and with people with psychotic illness.
Depression was a key factor in raising the risk of suicidal thoughts.
The researchers found that 66% of participants had experienced suicidal thoughts, compared with 17% of the general population.
Among people with psychotic illness, the figure was 59%.
Adults with Asperger’s who had a history of depression were four times more likely to experience suicidal thoughts. They were also more likely to have planned or attempted suicide than those without a history of depression.
The researchers also found that 35% of participants had planned or attempted suicide.
Participants who reported more autistic traits were also more likely to have experienced suicidal thoughts.
Dr Cassidy said the findings support earlier studies showing that adults with Asperger’s are at greater risk of suicidal thoughts and suicide attempts than other groups. The researchers stressed the crucial role depression plays.
Prof. Baron comments, “Asperger’s adults, more often than not, suffer from varying amounts of secondary depression that arise due to being socially isolated, exclusion, unemployment and underachievement.”
The professor further adds, “These types of depression can be effectively combed and suicides can be prevented with timely support.”
The study is a wake-up call about the urgent need for good mental health and suicide prevention services for autistic adults.
The team said more research is needed to understand the role of other factors, such as:
- A family history of aggression
- Suicide attempts by family members
The researchers noted some limitations. For example, the study only included people who had been diagnosed with Asperger’s as adults, and it did not look at children.
What This Means for Autistic People and Families
Being autistic does not cause suicidal thoughts. The research points to the toll of depression, isolation, exclusion and unmet support needs, and to how much good support can help. If you’re worried about an autistic teen or adult in your life, ask them directly and calmly how they are feeling; asking about suicide does not put the idea in someone’s head. Look for mental health professionals who understand autism, as standard approaches sometimes need adjusting. Connection with other autistic people, meaningful activity and acceptance at home, school and work can all protect wellbeing.
Must Read: Are Adults with Aspie at Higher Risk of Suicidal Tendencies?
I am Ash and I celebrate Neurodiversity! Growing up with an elder brother with severe Autism was tough – but it has also taught me essential life lessons. I don’t believe that people with Autism are necessarily or have any disorder (except in extreme cases). They are just different! And that is something to be proud of! I am passionate about helping other families who may have Autism conditions in their family. So please reach out and drop me a note. I will be glad to help 🙂
